Fibromuscular dysplasia: its various phenotypes in everyday practice in 2021

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic vascular disease that may involve medium-sized muscular arteries throughout the body. The pathogenesis of FMD remains poorly understood, but combination genetic and environmental factors be involved. majority patients are women, men have more progressive disease, especially when smoking. Besides classical phenotype string beads or focal stenosis, arterial aneurysms, dissections, tortuosity frequent manifestations disease. However, differential diagnosis extensive includes imaging artefacts as well other diseases. Diagnosis based on CT-, MR-, conventional catheter-based angiography during work-up clinical manifestations, clinically silent lesions found incidentally. Arterial hypertension neurological symptoms most presentations, renal cerebrovascular commonly involvement body has been reported, resulting in variety symptoms. management depends picture. Ongoing FMD-related research will elaborate depth current progress improved understandings disease’s epidemiology, natural history pathogenesis. This review focused adult daily practice.